Software Patent/Copyright Issues in Peru :: Technology Computers Essays

Programming Patent/Copyright Issues in Peru Programming Patent/Copyright issues are a worldwide concern. Data Technology improvements over the most recent ten years have gotten development both Software and Hardware. The ascent of the Internet and its clients around the globe is extending the wildernesses. In any case, these advances in Information Technology accompanied the easy method to duplicate programming wrongfully. My examination will be centered around the laws that secure the licensed innovation in Peru and their impact all inclusive. I will investigate the issue from a moral point of view in how these laws are correct or wrong and my closely-held conviction for an answer of the issue from various methodologies. Peru and the Globalization I left my nation five years prior. At the point when I came here I got my first PC. I didn’t get one in Peru since I was terrified that somebody could take it from my home. My cousin’s PC was taken twice (each time another PC) from her home. By 1992, after fear based oppression, the wrongdoing expanded impressive in Lima, capital of Peru. An underdeveloped nation faces various types of issues, yet the main one is prudent. The assets are constrained and one of the most significant devices for a nation with respect to a privately owned business is its interest in Research and Development to develop. Programming Patent/Copyright laws in Peru INDECOPI Peru has an administration organization, the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property (INDECOPI). The accompanying laws are elite for programming: Law/Features Highlights upon the utilization of PC programs (programming) 1.It is permitted to utilize programming carried from another nation with the comparing permit, yet can't be marketed without the approval of the holder of the privilege of creator. The permitted client has the privilege to introduce the program on the hard circle for its viable use. Each generation or use of programming without having the comparing permit allowed by the holder of the privilege of creator or his agent is viewed as unlawful and latent for authorize authoritative and additionally legal. The PCs that sell itself with the product fused must be conveyed with the manual, individual licenses of utilization and reinforcements containing the program. The product can't be used in a more prominent number of PCs that the approved in the particular permit. On account of systems it is required to check the licenses for all the machines that use the product. It is illegal to lease programming without the approval of the holder of the privilege of creator.

Has football become a global sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Has football become a worldwide game - Essay Example The ball itself has created from only a wad of pig’s bladder to hello there tech balls with impregnated microchips used to check if the ball has crosses the objective line. Expanding prominence of the game and number of universal installations constrained English football affiliation and football relationship from France, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland to frame a worldwide affiliation Fã ©dã ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) on May 21, 1904.Today football is a national game in numerous nations and is formally the most well known game on the planet. Game in present day days has become a worldwide wonder. There is various writing works is accessible which attempts to relate a game with different social, political, practical and natural factors on a worldwide scale. Today, in globalized, world where correspondence innovation has developed jump and bound, all major games are sorted out and watch on a worldwide scale. The effect of game is additionally worldwide, as it influences political relations, national notoriety, and strategies on training and wellbeing. Complexities between sports across various social orders have lessened, yet a developing decent variety of sports societies are accessible to individuals of various countries (Maguire). Giulianotti looks at efficiently footballs key social viewpoints: the supporter societies, the improvement of stadia, the business and TV upheaval, proficient football players and the assorted variety of playing styles. Game, specifically football, establishes one of the most powerful, sociolo gically enlightening areas of globalization (Giulianotti and Robertson). The speed of spread of football or soccer has been genuinely surprising. It has effectively conquered different obstacles of heartless commercialization, soaring player charges, and compensations to rise as a most mainstream game. It has endure shiftiness of players, red-tapes in

WEB DuBois Analysis Essay Example For Students

WEB DuBois Analysis Essay WEB Du Bois WEB Du Bois was brought into the world a liberated individual in his little town of Great Barington, Massachusetts, three years after the Civil War. For ages, the Du Bois family had been an acknowledged piece of the network since before his incredible granddad had battled in the American Revolution. At an opportune time, Du Bois was given an attention to his African-legacy, through the old tunes his grandma instructed him. This mindfulness set him apart from his New England people group, with a family line covered in puzzle, in sharp complexity to the definitely accounted history of the Western world. This distinction would be the establishment for his craving to change the way African-Americans coincided in America. We will compose a custom exposition on WEB DuBois Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now As an understudy, Du Bois was viewed as something of a wonder who exceeded expectations past the capacities of his white friends. He looked for some kind of employment as a reporter for New York papers, and gradually started to understand the hindrances of social limits he was relied upon to watch at all times. At the point when prejudice attempted to take his pride and respect, he turned out to be progressively resolved to ensure society perceived his accomplishments. Unmistakably, Du Bois indicated incredible guarantee, and some powerful individuals from his locale. In spite of the fact that Du Bois longed for going to Harvard, these powerful people masterminded his instruction at Fisk University in Nashville. His encounters at Fisk transformed him, and he found his destiny as a pioneer of the dark battle to liberate his kin from persecution. At Fisk, Du Bois got familiar with numerous children and little girls of previous slaves, who felt the agony of abuse and shared his feeling of social and otherworldly convention. In the South, he saw his kin being headed to a status of little distinction from servitude, and saw them threatened at the surveys. He showed school during the summers in the eastern bit of Tennessee, and saw the enduring firsthand. He at that point made plans to commit his life to battling the horrendous racial abuse that held the dark individuals down, both monetarily and strategically. Du Boiss assurance was remunerated with a grant to Harvard, where he started the principal logical sociological investigations in the United States. He felt that through science, he could scatter the nonsensical preferences and obliviousness that forestalled racial balance. He proceeded to make incredible progressions in the investigation of race relations, yet mistreatment proceeded with isolation laws, lynching, and fear strategies on the ascent. Du Bois then framed the Niagara Movement, and in 1909, was an indispensable part in building up the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. He was likewise the supervisor of the NAACP magazine The Crisis from 1910 to 1934. In this phase of his life, he empowered direct attacks on the lawful, political, and financial framework, which he felt bloomed out of the misuse of poor people and feeble dark network. He turned into the most significant dark dissent pioneer of the principal half of the twentieth century. His perspec tives conflicted with Booker T. Washington, who felt that the dark individuals of America needed to just acknowledge segregation, and want to in the end procure regard and equity through difficult work and achievement. Du Bois composed The Souls of Black Folk in 1903, scrutinizing Booker, asserting that his thoughts would prompt a propagation of persecution as opposed to liberating the dark individuals from it. Du Bois analysis lead to a stretching out of the dark social liberties development, Bookers preservationist supporters, and an extreme after of his faultfinders. Du Bois had set up the Black Nationalism that was the motivation for all dark strengthening all through the social liberties development, however had started during the dynamic period. Despite the fact that the development that sprouted from his thoughts may have taken on a progressively brutal structure, WEB Du Bois felt unequivocally that each individual could shape their own predeterminations earnestly and difficu lt work. He roused trust by proclaiming that progress would accompany the achievement of the little battles for a superior life. Words/Pages : 680/24

Madness in the Tales of Poe and Hawthorne Essay

With franticness and disarray overwhelming short stories, for example, a portion of the stories composed by Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, the mental conditions of their primary characters are absolutely critical. The implications of the narratives rely upon whether the characters are really crazy, experiencing a physical sickness or only strongly irate and hungry for retribution. Poe’s stories â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† both investigate topics of franticness and untimely entombments. Be that as it may, while Roderick Usher is by all accounts experiencing a physical disease as well as from craziness which may have come from a â€Å"history of mental disorder† (Poe, The Fall of the House of Usher), Montresor appears to have been under the grasp of serious scorn that have been brought about by his victim’s past affront with the rest of his personal effects. It might be contended that Montresor is insane like Usher, yet his very much arranged wrongdoing repudiates the speculation of an unhinged brain. In the mean time, the mental difficulties of Hawthorne’s characters in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† are obviously milder, yet not subtler. Individuals may view Goodman Brown as a loner and a pretender and Minister Hooper as somebody grieving over his or different people’s sins. Hawthorne investigates detachment in the two stories, featuring the conceivable implosion that may result from strongly isolated lives. In spite of the fact that the accounts may change and the degree of mental issue may vary, both Poe and Hawthorne present individuals with feelings that are excessively touchy and with intellectual capacities that are more distressed than most. Poe is entranced by franticness. His accounts are some of the time even described by people whose psychological and enthusiastic offices are sketchy. This outcomes to an all the more intriguing perusing of every one of the narratives. The peruser is left to think about whether the individual in question can remove the exact record of the story or a disturbed form of it. In â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† the storyteller sees what goes on in his host, Roderick’s house. He â€Å"rejects proof of the supernatural†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ He is inclined to see Roderick as frantic and along these lines to dismiss any clarification Roderick suggests† (Bailey 446). The storyteller of the story relies upon the records of his host, Roderick however he doesn't confide in his friend’s mental soundness. This makes a pressure that is experienced by both the storyteller and the peruser; this strain is the vulnerability of what is unfurling in light of the fact that it is through the direction of such an inconsistent source like a clearly distraught Roderick. Montresor of â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† might not have the emaciated and unfortunate look of Roderick Usher yet what he has done to his adversary, Fortunato, is exceedingly brutal. The deed may have appeared to be impeccably arranged and proficient however somebody who can retaliate for an affront got by murder must be some way or another unhinged. The criminal’s mind is misrepresented as is clear in his portrayal: â€Å"THE thousand wounds of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, yet when he wandered upon affront I promised revenge† (Poe, The Cask of Amontillado). My heart developed debilitated; it was the clamminess of the tombs that made it so. I rushed to make a finish of my work. I constrained the last stone into its position; I put it up. Against the new stone work I re-raised the old bulwark of bones. For the half of a century no human has upset them. In pace requiescat. (Poe, The Cask of Amontillado) Despite the fact that Montresor shows some compelling feeling over what he has done to Fortunato, he proceeds with the wrongdoing efficiently. In addition, this logical inconsistency, alongside expressing â€Å"Rest in Peace† to his casualty implies that Montresor is for sure crazy. In the two short stories, Poe represents craziness that has been gone through ages and afterward madness that has been activated just by an affront. Nathaniel Hawthorne gives some worry about the destiny of spirits in his two stories â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. While Poe delineates franticness that has come about because of being either characteristically crazy or inclined to dysfunctional behavior, Hawthorne investigates energetic strictness that can result to frenzy. Clergyman Hooper’s solid feeling of strictness has driven him to an extraordinary methods for recognizing the devout from the faker. â€Å"Why do you tremble at only me? †¦ Tremble additionally at one another! Have men dodged me, and ladies indicated no pity, and kids shouted and fled, just for my dark cloak? † (Hawthorne, The Minister’s Black Veil) The man has chosen to put a dark shroud all over. Not even his fiancee has had the option to convince him to remove the shroud which thusly has given him a constantly grieving persona. Despite the fact that he is intellectually able to proceed with his obligations as priest, he does them with a serious quality which the cover produces for him. The emphasis on continually wearing the dark shroud shows over the top conduct identified with his confidence regardless of the way that he has not really expressed what his genuine purpose behind wearing the cover is. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Hawthorne again handles the impacts of the view of transgression. Here, the fundamental character is mistreated by what he believes is the genuine information on different people’s sins. What he doesn't know about is that the Devil, which he has associated with in the forested areas, has caused him to accept that everyone in his locale is engaged with monstrous deeds. â€Å"†¦elders of the congregation have murmured wanton words to the youthful servants of their family units; what number of a lady, excited for widows’ weeds, has given her better half a beverage at sleep time and let him rest his last rest in her chest; how smooth adolescents have made scramble to acquire their fathers’ riches; and how reasonable damsels†¦ have delved little graves in the nursery, and bidden me, the sole visitor to an infant’s funeral† (Hawthorne). Having accepted the Devil’s lies, Goodman Brown is persistently dubious of his neighbors’ aims. He even accepts their great deeds to be simply self important presentations of devotion. In light of this conduct, Goodman Brown secludes himself from the remainder of the network and passes on a forlorn demise. Hawthorne investigates the subjects of disconnection and passionate strictness in his two short stories, communicating the risks of the two topics. Both Poe and Hawthorne have successfully communicated the mental territory that their principle characters are in. Through utilizing a storyteller that is either the character with the faulty mental state or one that doubts that character, the accounts become progressively puzzling and subject to singular translation while the power of feelings originating from the principle characters can radiate through. The two creators investigate mental insecurity in various structures; Poe’s stories are about natural, perhaps hereditary inclinations to lose one’s brain while Hawthorne’s two stories are about separation that has come about because of over the top otherworldliness.

Judicial Review free essay sample

Remember, in any case, that a portion of the cases, which are grouped underneath under ‘illegality’, are alluded to as ‘unreasonable’ or ‘Wednesbury unreasonable’ in parts of the important writing. There are a few reason for the courts to run lawlessness or nonsensicalness, as demonstrated as follows. Absence of expert In its least tricky form the precept of ultra vires covers the ‘illegality’ of moves/choices taken by open bodies that had no legal power to act/choose. For instance, in R v Richmond upon Thames City Council ex parte McCarthy and Stone Ltd [1992] AC 48 It was illicit for the neighborhood arranging power to exact a charge of ? 25 for casual conference between partnership officials and property engineers: charges can be demanded on the open just based on legal power and making charges was not a ‘incidental’ part of the ordinary elements of the arranging authority. Similarity/proportionality Any authoritative impedance with the rights cherished in the Human Rights Act 1988 (HRA) must be good/relative. Under s. 6 of the HRA, every open authority are obliged to act/choose in a way good with that Act, as it were either with full regard to the key human rights it reveres or by depending on authentic explanations behind meddling with such human rights (and just to the important degree). Every single open body, including courts and councils, are dependent upon the prerequisites of the HRA. Inside JR the legitimateness or illicitness of any authoritative choice/action’s impedance with human rights will be controlled by utilizing the standard of proportionality a guideline of Continental European statute which is currently viewed as a component of English law, in any event as to human rights cases. The standard of proportionality orders that force must be practiced distinctly by implies that are corresponding to the target that is being sought after. Accordingly, in R v Chief Constable of Sussex ex parte International Trader’s Ferry Ltd [1999] 2 AC 418 The court surveyed the proportionality of the choice of a Chief Constable to confine the quantity of cops present at a scene of showdown between live creature exporters and basic entitlements activists: the quantity of police present must be proportionate to one side of the exporters to send out and of the demonstrators to take part in serene exhibit. There is conversation with respect to whether the proportionality test comprises another heading of JR. In such manner, in R (on the use of Alconbury Developments Ltd and Others) v Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions [2001] 2 All ER 929 Lord Slynn communicated the assessment that ‘proportionality’ ought to be viewed as a component of the heading of ‘irrationality’ The similarity of JR procedures with human rights was itself doubted in Kingsley v United Kingdom, Application No 35605/97 (2001) 33 EHRR 13. The Strasbourg-based European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) decided that the JR procedures, limited as they are to analyzing the nature of a dynamic procedure as opposed to the benefits of a choice, can't be said to completely fulfill the ‘right to a reasonable trial’. Mistake of law * If an open authority is to act inside its forces (intra vires) it must behave as indicated by law. A ‘error of law’ happens either when the authority confuses its legitimate powers Perilly v Tower Hamlets Borough Council [1973] QB 9) †The neighborhood authority accepted â€erroneously-that it was obliged to consider applications for slow down licenses in a road advertise in the request where they were gotten. The impact of this was to deny a permit to Perilly despite the fact that his mom, by then perished had held a permit for exactly 30 years. The permit conceded to an approaching candidate in inclination to Perilly was put aside by the court. * Another case would be with regards to a preposterous end (see Coleen Properties Ltd v Minister of Housing [1971] 1 All ER 1049 and Secretary of State for Education v Tameside Council [1977] AC 1014). Furthermore, when Parliament depends a regulatory body with forces to decide cases, it plans that body to arrive at a choice dependent on the ‘correct facts’. In such manner, official courtrooms are said not to be appropriate to embrace certainty discovering assignments however in the event that an authoritative body wrongly deciphers the realities of a case, this may bring about the court mediating to address the mistake truth be told (see Pulhofer v Hillingdon London Borough Council [1986] AC 484). * Overall, the qualification between blunders of law and mistakes of certainty isn't in every case clear. A significant case of this was given on account of Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Commission [1969] 2 AC 147. There, the House of Lords concluded that the mistake of truth submitted by the open position (the Foreign Compensation Commission) was of such size as to be a jurisdictional blunder of law: the commission had denied itself of the option to decide the case on account of its mistake in law. Not every single such mistake will have this impact. Or then again, to be progressively exact, a court won't generally expect the connection between blunders of actuality and mistakes in law as they did in Anisminic. Inability to act An open authority might be under a legal obligation to make a move and, contingent upon the particularity of that obligation, might be held to be acting unlawfully in the event that it neglects to act. This is a troublesome territory of law in that a few obligations forced are clear and exact and consequently enforceable by the courts, though others might be of a general vague nature and subsequently the court can't authorize them. Committing fraud In Cannock Chase District v Kelly [1978] 1 WLR 1, dishonesty was characterized as follows: †¦bad confidence, or†¦lack of sincere trust, implies contemptibility; not really for a money related motive†¦It must not be treated as an equivalent word for a legitimate, however mixed up, mulling over of a factor which is in law unimportant. ’ Using powers for an inappropriate reason or conflictingly with the motivations behind an Act In Attorney General v Fulham Corporation [1921] 1 Ch 440 The authority was q ualified under rule for open non-benefit washhouses for the public’s use, in any case, rather, it utilized its forces to open a business clothing. Now and again, be that as it may, a position utilizing its legal powers in quest for the correct reason might be viewed as legitimately making other move which is coincidental to its primary assignment: Westminster Corporation v London and Northern Railway Company [1905] AC 426 †The partnership, which was qualified for manufacture open accommodations, developed a metro under the street and put the comforts there: the court concurred with the organization that they didn't surpass their forces by building the tram. * R v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs ex parte World Development Movement Ltd [1995] 1 All ER 611 †The Foreign Secretary had chosen to allow money related guide of ? 234 million to the Malaysian government for the structure of the Pergau dam, notwithstanding admonitions from authorities that the task was uneconomical and a misuse of cash. This choice was ultra vires in light of the fact that the Overseas Development and Cooperation Act 1980, under which the Secretary was asserting his forces, engaged him to approve installments just ‘for the reason or advancing the turn of events or keeping up the economy of a nation or domain outside the UK or the government assistance of its people’. A House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee Inquiry found that the Secretary had chosen to approve the award in a mystery manage the Malaysian government including the offer of British arms to Malaysia, worth ? 1. 3 billion. Burdensome conditions connected to a choice An open authority may not append to its choice any conditions that are troublesome or difficult to perform. Pyx Granite Co Ltd v Ministry of Housing and Local Government [1958] 1 QB 554 The condition connected to the structure authorization that the designers must build a street subordinate to the advancement at their own cost was ‘onerous’. Maltreatment of watchfulness * The charge of wrongdoing may likewise appear as the open authority mishandling the prudence that it was given by resolution. The constraints of JR as to prudence are that, in certain occasions, a resolution has given extremely expansive optional powers on a regulatory body. For the most part, the more extensive the presented attentiveness, the more troublesome it will be to look for audit of an optional activity/choice. Various classifications of maltreatment of attentiveness fall under this heading: (I) Relevant and immaterial contemplations An authority may have acted past its forces (ultra vires) in light of the fact that, in choosing, it considered superfluous contemplations or, on the other hand, it neglected to consider pertinent contemplations. For instance, in Roberts v Hopwood [1925] AC 578 The nearby authority was engaged by rule to pay its laborers ‘as it thought fit’. By and by, when the chamber chose to pay compensation that we re higher than the national normal and to pay people similarly, it was held to have been acting past its forces. Its obligation to ratepayers superseded its longing to improve the parcel of its laborers. * Similar contemplations applied in Bromley London Borough Council v Greater London Council [1983] 1 AC 768 The Greater London Council (GLC), wishing to build the quantity of travelers utilizing open vehicle by diminishing tolls, looked to pay for this by looking for a more elevated level of sponsorship, the weight of which would fall on the ratepayers of London precincts. The House of Lords held the GLC to be acting ultra vires. Wheeler v Leicester City Council [1985] AC 1054 Leicester City Council had suspended a nearby rugby club from utilizing a neighborhood playing field in light of the fact that the club didn't follow

How Cognitive Theory Is Used in Phobia Treatment

How Cognitive Theory Is Used in Phobia Treatment Phobias Print How Cognitive Theory Is Used in Phobia Treatment Write a New Script for Your Anxiety Triggers By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 08, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 06, 2020 Tom M Johnson/Getty Images More in Phobias Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Cognitive theory is  an approach to  psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding your thought processes. For example, a therapist is using principles of cognitive theory when she teaches you how to identify maladaptive thought patterns and transform them into constructive ones. Cognitive Theory Basics The assumption of cognitive theory is that thoughts are the primary determinants of emotions and behavior. Information processing is a common description of this mental process. Theorists compare the way the human mind functions to a computer. Pure cognitive theory largely rejects behaviorism, another approach to psychology, on the basis that it reduces complex human behavior to simple cause and effect. The trend of the last decades has been to merge cognitive theory and behaviorism into a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral theory  (CBT). This allows therapists to use techniques from both schools of thought to help clients achieve their goals. Social Cognitive Theory Social cognitive theory is a subset of cognitive theory. Therapists use it to treat phobias and other psychological disorders. It is primarily focused on the ways in which we learn to model the behavior of others. Advertising campaigns and peer pressure situations are good examples. Cognitive Restructuring to Treat Phobia All three types of phobia fall into a larger group of psychological issues called anxiety disorders, which are the most common type of psychiatric disorder. Cognitive restructuring, based on cognitive theory, is part of an effective treatment plan for anxiety disorder. It involves the therapist asking you questions, helping you analyze the answers to increase your understanding of your anxiety, and assisting you in rewriting your maladaptive thoughts. The basic approach to cognitive restructuring put forth by leading cognitive theorist Christine A. Padesky, Ph.D., recommends that your therapist goes through four basic steps with you: Ask questions to identify the self-talk going on in your head when you feel anxious, and then facilitate a discussion to test if what youre thinking is really true.Listen to what you have to say with an empathetic ear and unconditional acceptance.Ask you to summarize the main points of the session to reinforce what youve learned and to let her address any misunderstandings.Ask you questions that allow you to synthesize and analyze the new and more realistic view of your anxiety so you can restructure your thought patterns. Cognitive Biases Treatment for Phobia Your therapist is relying on cognitive theory if he highlights identifying the cognitive biases in your maladaptive thoughts as a part of your treatment plan. Two types of cognitive biases addressed in anxiety treatment include: Attention bias means that when you are experiencing your anxiety trigger, you pay attention to the negative signals instead of positive ones. For example, if you have a fear of public speaking, you only look at audience members with facial expressions you see as threatening, rather than seeking out the smiling faces.Interpretation bias, as the name implies, refers to misinterpreting information. At the podium, you might think an audience member with a negative facial expression is a reflection of how they feel about you when theyre really just tired. Cognitive Psychology - The Science of How We Think

American English Vs. British English By

Learned or learnt? flavor or flavour? Your or yor?the last one is a joke, but these questions should definitely ring a bell for those who wonder about the comparison of US vs UK English. Two questions come to mind in the matter of this comparison: What are the differences between American English and British English? and, Which one is better to use? The latter question is difficult to answer without a contextual basis, as both have distinct advantages and disadvantages.On the other hand, the former can be answered with great confidence, and a clear illustration would not hurt. They are both, after all, forms of the same English language, so one should not expect a substantial contrast between the two. There are differences when it comes to vocabulary and, less so, in spelling. However, the differences become trivial in the face of the viewpoint that English words are universal regardless of form.Perhaps what can be considered a key difference between the two forms of English can be f ound in the way each handles English grammar, because the most basic way a manner of speaking can differ from another is through the difference in form. Even then, however, differences in grammar can be negligible as are those in spelling and vocabulary.Nevertheless, it is important to be aware of the distinctions in order to have a general idea of the thematic difference between the two, a fundamental block of knowledge that can be used by aspiring linguistic experts. Discussed below is a brief comparison between US English and UK English through each of their takes on some familiar aspects of English grammar.A PrecautionIt is important to follow the points below without bias. Despite some differences, an agreement must be made: an equal level of respect should be shared by all the parties involved, regardless if the difference is petty or grave. Discussions are made for people to convene and knowledge to be consolidated. Respect, therefore, is at the heart of discussion.American E nglish speakers and British English speakers must both set aside any differences and put away any insignificant and dangerous biases of their own preferred form of the English language. Hopefully, there will be a deeper appreciation for both forms of English through their similarities and differences.VerbsA significant difference between the two is in the use of perfect tense. Present perfect tense is more commonly utilized in UK English in reference to past events. In the same matter, US English uses simple past tense much more. I have ordered my favourite hamburger is what a UK English speaker would declare, whereas a US English speaker would say I ordered my favorite hamburger.Another notable difference can be found in how each form of English treats the past tense of some regular verbs. In US English, regular verbs always end in the suffix -ed. The same is also done in UK English for most regular verbs; however, it allows particular verbs to end in the suffix -t. Walked, talked, chatted, and cooked are all used in both forms of English. Verbs such as dreamt, burnt, and spelt, on the other hand, are more often used in UK English.PrepositionsWhen it comes to emphasizing that a certain action is done during the weekend, at the weekend is spoken by UK English speakers while US English speakers use on the weekend.Using the preposition to, until, or the informal till is what a UK English speaker does when it comes to specifying time period. He would say, I work a regular job from Monday until Friday, from 9 am to 5 pm. US English speakers would say I work at a regular job from Monday through Friday, from 9 am through 5 pm, mostly favouring the preposition through.Adverbs and AdjectivesLikely is likely used by US English speakers as both an adjective and an adverb. In UK English, likely is likely to be used only as an adjective. An example would be The New York Mets will likely continue to improve over the season being used in US English, whereas The New York Met s is likely to improve over the season being used in UK English.PrologueThere are more differences aside from the ones shown above. The comparison made above is not meant to be exhaustive. Its purpose is to present the thematic idea of what makes US English and UK English different from each other through deviations in grammar rules.Hopefully, what is clear now is that there is not one deviation that makes the two substantially different from each other. English grammar rules are, for the most part, universal regardless of form. The form and construction of sentences and phrases are, overall, the same.Even as we delve into vocabulary, UK English and US English are not very alienated from each other. Biscuit and cookie are used in preference by UK English and US English, respectively, to refer to a particular snack. Taken face value, however, one cannot really say that biscuit is exclusively British or that cookie is exclusively American, since both are English.So can we not just cal l them both English?Regardless of how similar they may be to each other to the point that any difference is trivial, calling them both collectively as simply English does not do justice to the distinction between the two. What makes US English and UK English different from one another is found not in the form, grammar, or structure of speaking.Ultimately, their distinction is grounded on cultural nuances; that is, US English is borne out of the culture of America, while UK English is borne out of the culture of Great Britain. This is a crucial point because it is indicative of the consensual preferences of each of the two forms of English. US English prefers cookie whereas UK English prefers biscuit for reasons that are not dictated by the confines of structure.This alone should be enough to explain why, though they share the universal English language, there are still differences between the two. This is no longer a matter of formrather, it is now about context. However, if it were to come to context, there lies a glaring issue that is on the rise today.As we speak, UK English is slowly drawing some elements from US English because of the widespread influence of American culture over the recent years, from the American manner of speaking and vocabulary being widely adopted over their English counterparts down to British English grammar becoming similar to American English grammar.The issue is that this may be perceived as US English assimilating UK English itself and the former demonstrating its apparent superiority and relevance over the latter. Worse, of concern here is beyond a matter of language and is now also that of culture. With UK English seemingly being uprooted from its native ground and replanted on the soil of US English, has British culture also followed suit and started down a spiral of assimilation?The Rapture is Nigh (Impossible)Earlier, there was a question of which form of English is better to use. The answer? None of them are better than t he other. Firstly, there is no sign of the end times for British English or for any other form of English for that matter when the widespread use of American English is concerned.Language, in general, is dynamic. It evolves with the times and the places it is situated in. While there are some other languages that are widely used throughout the world, with English being informally tagged as the world language, there cannot be any single be-all, end-all language that can make obsolete all other currently existing languages. To say so is to forget the importance of context.Likewise, US English cannot become the ultimate English. It cannot replace UK English because of the undeniable culture where it exists. UK English drawing from US English is only indicative of the natural course of the evolution of language in relation to culture. There will always be US English and UK English; they cannot be forcibly or formally combined. And they do not have toif an American English speaker tries to talk to a British English speaker, there would barely be any barrier at all, notwithstanding perhaps some differences in vocabulary which are insubstantial at best.The advent of the internet and social media allows for infinite possibilities for US English and UK English to interact and even seamlessly intertwine. The evolution of language might even accelerate in this way. English grammar may change tremendously decades from now. But no matter what happens, there will always be a US vs UK English, not in the sense that they compete with each other for superiority but that they exist distinctly from one another. In terms of evolution, there may even be more points of difference between the two that further prove the distinction between the two. Who knows? Maybe the difference between your and yor might become a reality.Essay writing service for college studentsThe differences between US English and UK English will never cease to permeate academic and linguistic discourse. However , it must be realized that juxtaposing US English and UK English does not necessarily equate to the quest to favour either one. Discussions will always be deep, and tracking their respective evolutions a worthy endeavour, something that should be left to the experts, such as our writers here , equipped with unquantifiable knowledge in providing writing help spanning the entire academe. We have been in the essay writing service industry since 2006 and have helped dozens of thousands of college students with their papers. Should you be victimized by writers block or simply left without time or energy, your custom essays, custom term papers, and custom research papers that require you to discuss similar topics can be done easily. Feel free to contact uswe will be more than eager to help.

Music and Cultural Identity - 1245 Words

Some may say music is just music; a song is just a song. However, music plays an enormous role in our psychology, because a single song has the ability to bring about many kinds of thoughts and emotions in the listener. Music is subtly one of the main factors in which people identify with certain groups and establish their belonging in society. It shapes people’s perspectives on how the world functions and the roles they play within it. Music can function the same way in a culture; it can reflect many of the culture’s values and ideologies. Music can have many effects on culture and the people’s idea of who they think they are within that culture. Music can serve in a way that promotes cultural identity and pride, yet it could also play a†¦show more content†¦Their sense of belongingness gives the people pride, because the songs embody the rich history, culture, and values of Mexico. As a result, people in in Mexican communities are able to proudly ident ify themselves as Mexicans. With a vast amount of culturally proud people, Mexican culture will ultimately be kept alive. Music can also be a differentiating factor for social and economic classes. In lecture twelve (Roma music), the clear distinction between the romungre and vlachs musicals groups proved that music influenced this separation. The types of instruments used, or lack of, tell of the people’s standing in the social and economic ladders. For instance, romungre music is professional, urban, and was played in elaborate settings. In the video excerpt shown during lecture, the well-dressed man played the violin, while the other members played other various instruments such as the cimbalom and piano. The possession of the various instruments is clear evidence that the people in that community have extra money to spend on these luxurious items. In addition to the aesthetics of the performance, the sounds produced by these instruments also suggest a level of sophistication and class. The song began with a sow tempo, which offers a smooth timbre. The tempo then sped up, which showed the virt uosity of performers, suggesting the affluence of the performers, because he wasShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music On Our Lives1576 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of sound particularly music? To begin, our life would consist of incredibly quiet spaces. Music plays a vital role in our lives, whether it is attending music festivals to attending religious ceremonies. In many ways, music is the composition of our lives that defines society. As a reflection of society, it allows us to remember how things were in the past, how things are now in the present and lastly presents a view of how things might be in the future. Music can take on many forms in ourRead MoreCritical Analysis redeeming Rap music1088 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Redeeming the Rap Music Experience† The influence of rap on black urban youths has become a major part to the modern day music industry. Berry uses the article to show that through rap music, low income black youth are able to develop empowering values and ideologies, strengthen cultural interaction and establish positive identities. This is done by describing different components of urban black culture associated with rap which enhances the struggle for black significance in pop culture. HisRead MoreCultural Identity In Unashamed By Lecrae741 Words   |  3 PagesReview Essay Cultural identity is the foundation in which identification is used to express his or her role in society. The distinction of cultural identity among a society affects a person’s role by pertaining to art and literature, as well as social organization element of culture. These examples of culture, refer to people all around the world. In the Story, Left behind, a native American student attending school is judged based on his ethnicity. In Unashamed by Lecrae, Lecrae uses music to expressRead MoreMy Cultural Identity Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Identity Essay Krishal Sharma | Period: 2 | 9/15/17#1 Everyone has their own, one of a kind cultural identity and culture. Your culture could be anything like an interest in technology or what hobbies you like even food. My cultural identity would not exist if it wasn t for what I value the most and what I love the most. In the world, nowadays people like a lot of things such as music. But what I like is completely different, There is one that influences my cultural identity andRead MoreThe Movie The Namesake 1318 Words   |  6 Pages The film, The Namesake, directed by Mira Nair, suggests that everyone has a cultural identity, whether they ignore or embrace it. Gogol Ganguli initially wants to abandon his family’s traditions and adopt American customs since he was born in America. Soon he learns that his name has a very emotional meaning to his father. Because of his new knowledge of the significance of his name, he begins to enter a transformation where he accepts and loves his culture. Throughout the film, Gogol has an internalRead MoreMusic and Identity Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesMusic and Identity In this report, I will expand upon what was spoken in the presentation by providing a more in-depth look at each section I talked about. The presentation was divided into six sections: i) What do we mean by identity? ii) Identity in previous historical periods iii) Identity in contemporary culture iv) How the media constructs our identities v) A case study; MTV and the music video vi) Conclusion What do we mean by identity? Identity refers to the way people seeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Ballad Of Jed Clampett 1460 Words   |  6 Pagesone of the few American shows airing on New Zealand television at the time. The Flatt and Scruggs theme tune and Scruggs style banjo influenced player Paul Trenwith, who said â€Å"that’s how I wanted to learn banjo, and we found out there was a whole music genre that went with that, so we chased that up.†[10] Television was one of the key ways that the bluegrass genre was and still is transmitted internationally. The dominance of the United States in the film and television markets meant worldwide exposureRead MoreAnalysis Of Michael Jackson s The Rock Band Nirvana s Sophomore Album1680 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1992, Michael Jackson’s Dangerous fell from the number one spot on the Billboard music charts, replaced by grunge rock band Nirvana’s sophomore album, Nevermind, bringing alternative rock to mainstream and commercial success. Ni rvana had started out in Seattle’s underground music scene and consisted of lead singer and songwriter Kurt Cobain, bassist Krist Novoselic and drummer Dave Grohl. Their sound was a subgenre of alternative rock known as grunge, a combination of punk rock and heavy metalRead MoreBritish American Influence on Australia1015 Words   |  5 PagesBefore 1945, many people, including Australians themselves, considered Australia to be nothing more than a British colony whose national identity was virtually the same as the British. During this period of Australias history, our modes of entertainment, food, fashion, sporting culture and our social values and attitudes were largely dictated by British culture. One of the most significant changes to have taken place in Australian society since the end of WWII, has been its drift towards AmericanRead More`` Wicked Games `` By Abel Tesfaye1566 Words   |  7 PagesIn the current era of popular music in America, childhood starlets often experience a shift or change in the genre and lyrical contents of the music they produce once they reach adulthood. While childhood stars such as Miley Cyrus and Britney Spears transformed their images towards more sexually and culturally liberal ones, African American artists, on the other hand, have to contend with toning down their music explicitly to appeal more towards white America. This essay will focus entirely on the

Schools, Colleges, and Institutes of Technology 2019

There are an extraordinary number of schools that provide education programs today in the field of technology. Generally, in the educational world, technology is loosely separated into the fields of computer science and information technology (IT). Computer science learning programs, at the college level, grew out of the electrical engineering departments at many schools. Many universities still issue degrees in electrical engineering with a computer science specialty. But, the point is that the term computer science covers the science of all types of technology hardware, from routers, to fiber optic switches, to laptop screens. Information technology programs include the study of computer data and its transmission in many forms. The Internet and its functions fall under information technology, as do computer networks and databases. Digital graphics is a form of information technology. The two terms divide an enormous body of learning into the loosely defined areas of hardware and the data that the hardware puts out. .u3c85d6ef32842901ca383ba94825e98e { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u3c85d6ef32842901ca383ba94825e98e:active, .u3c85d6ef32842901ca383ba94825e98e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u3c85d6ef32842901ca383ba94825e98e { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u3c85d6ef32842901ca383ba94825e98e .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u3c85d6ef32842901ca383ba94825e98e .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u3c85d6ef32842901ca383ba94825e98e:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Programming in JavaVirtually all community colleges will have associates degree programs in computer science, information technology or other academic spin-offs. Traditional universities also provide majors in computer science and in information technology. You can also find a good deal of specialization and a much more direct course to a degree through an online college. There are institutes and schools that specialize in certification courses for many of the technical support jobs that make technology systems work. CDI College is an online school with perhaps 20 different courses of study in computer networking, programming and maintenance. Everest College is a school with nine campuses and an online program that offers courses in such topics as computer information systems, advanced microcomputer applications, and applied office technology. These online schools and others like them focus on the field of certification for specific technology skill sets. Westwood College is an online school with 2 technology bachelors programs: information systems security and computer network management. Their 2 associates degree programs in technology specialize in computer network engineering and technical management. .u0bd7283c669561f763724ed70e00b0b8 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u0bd7283c669561f763724ed70e00b0b8:active, .u0bd7283c669561f763724ed70e00b0b8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u0bd7283c669561f763724ed70e00b0b8 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u0bd7283c669561f763724ed70e00b0b8 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u0bd7283c669561f763724ed70e00b0b8 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u0bd7283c669561f763724ed70e00b0b8:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Business Administration SalariesUniversity of Phoenix Online has a series of bachelors and masters degrees that center on IT, many combined with a concentration on business: Associate of Arts in Information Technology. Associate of Arts in IT/Networking. Associate of Arts in IT/Visual Communication. Bachelor of Science in Business/ e-Business. Bachelor of Science in Business/Information Systems. Bachelor of Science in Information Technology. Bachelor of Science in IT/Information System Security. Bachelor of Science in IT/Visual Communication. MBA/Technology Management. MIS Master of Information Systems. Doctor of Management/Information Systems and Technology. Boston Universitys online affiliate Metropolitan College offers a bachelors in computer science and a bachelors in management information systems. Their masters programs include computer science/security and computer information systems/security. Those two degrees provide a clear illustration of the split between computer science (hardware) and IT (data). Kaplan University is another online institute with a comprehensive set of educational technology programs. They have 6 associates degrees and 6 bachelors degrees in such majors as database, web development, networking computer information systems, and wireless networking. .uf3593c4628ce23c36841987bfa801223 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uf3593c4628ce23c36841987bfa801223:active, .uf3593c4628ce23c36841987bfa801223:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uf3593c4628ce23c36841987bfa801223 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uf3593c4628ce23c36841987bfa801223 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uf3593c4628ce23c36841987bfa801223 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uf3593c4628ce23c36841987bfa801223:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Top Ten Things to Consider when Selecting an Online SchoolThese are a selection of online technology institutes that provide a wide spectrum of educational opportunity. Select your field of interest, and then go shopping for a technology institute that will teach you what you need to know. Related ArticlesHow to Find a Good Information Technology SchoolEarning a Computer Technology DegreeEarning Your Computer Technology EducationThe Relationship Beteween Computer Science and EngineeringEducation in the Computer Science FieldTechnology Schools

Analysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley - 987 Words

Alienation is a product of society’s inherently discriminatory bias, catalyzed by our fear of the unknown in the realm of interpersonal conduct. Mary Shelley, in her novel, Frankenstein, dissects society’s unmerited demonization of individuals who defy—voluntarily or involuntarily—conventional norms. Furthermore, through her detailed parallel development of Frankenstein and his monster, Shelley personifies the tendency to alienate on the basis of physical deformity, thereby illustrating the role of the visual in the obfuscation of morality. Even Frankenstein, the monster’s creator, is blind to the innocence of the being he animates. Upon reflection, he recounts, â€Å"breathless horror and disgust filled my heart†¦ unable to endure the aspect of the being I created, I rushed out of the room† (35), yet this rationalization lacks material justification. Frankenstein, as the creator, is endowed with a responsibility for the being he escorts into the world, a basic social value accepted by all. Nevertheless, he alienates his monster from its first breath, claiming, â€Å"no mortal could support the horror of [its] countenance† (36). Shelley employs this ironic twist of social expectations in order to emphasize the ability of visual bias to distort the expression of morality. To abandon a child is perceived as immoral, but to abandon a monster, born into the world with neither hateful bias nor malicious intent is acceptable. He is innocent in every aspect of disposition, yet society greetsShow MoreR elatedAnalysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Frankenstein Literary Analysis Power is the ability to control something or someone into doing what is given. Knowledge is the understanding of an idea, but not yet following through with it. You can have knowledge without power but the two combined usually result in a better outcome. Victor creates a monster which goes on rampages after they go separate ways. Because Victor originally left it and never later took control of it, unfortunate consequences occurred. In Frankenstein, by Mary ShelleyRead MoreAnalysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1755 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein An Analysis of the use of knowledge In the novel Frankenstein by Marry Shelley, it is apparent that a lack of knowledge along with an abundance of knowledge can lead to the destruction of relationships that are ideal for a happy life. The theme of corruption through knowledge is a recurring literary device throughout the novel. This corruption compels the reader to question whether or not it is beneficial to have the vast amount of knowledge that Victor has. Knowledge is a powerfulRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early 1800s Mary Shelley set pen to a paper and started to develop a novel that little to her knowledge would become world renowned. In 1818 she finished and published the novel to sell to the European public. The novel caught the world off guard in the way that a female was able to write about such harsh, dark, and evil things in a European society whose authors like John Locke and Charles Montesquieu preached enlightenment, self exploration, and individualism all in an optimistic enablingRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1948 Words   |  8 PagesThere are many critical analyses to Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Two of these analyses bring forth varied interpretations. Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar wrote â€Å"Mary Shelley’s Monstrous Eve.† Anne K. Mellor wrote â€Å"Possessing Nature: The Female in Frankenstein.† Gilbert and Gubar argue that Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein from the influence of her family in order to represent her personal life and life events. Mellor argues that the author wrote Frankenstein in order to represent many themes uponRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1615 Words   |  7 Pagesa whole and how accurate a depiction they might think it to be, they will miss out on many of the qualities of the painting that reside below the immediately apparent surface level. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a text dedicated to expounding upon the dangers of such superficial analysis. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelley openly condemns the surface level and appearance oriented methodology under which the human mind operates. The very protagonist of the novel is inspired solely by reputation and howRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1758 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein was published over 200 years ago. Ever since it was published, it has been one of the most famous books known to literature. History.com Staff states that this book, by 21-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, is frequently called the world’s first science fiction novel (History.com Staff). According to Wikipedia, Shelley was an English novelist. She was born August 30th, 1797. She died on February 1st, 1951 (Wikipedia). Shelley came up with the idea of Frankenstein as she andRead MoreAnalysis Of Prometheus And Frankenstein By Mary Shelley Essay1996 Words   |  8 PagesPrometheus and Frankenstein both written in two different centuries I will show that our mentality hasn’t changes much in regards to monsters. While Prometheus and Frankenstein are, both consider monsters, Prometheus deals with trying to help humanity and Frankenstein deals with trying to find an understanding of why he was created. Both are considered monsters because of their actions. In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, there is an article entitled Psychoanalytic Criticism and Frankenstein. In thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1449 Words   |  6 PagesDuality Makes The Man: What It Takes to Be Human in Frankenstein In her nineteenth century novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley explores the characteristics of humanity, illuminates societal influences on development, and challenges the traditional biological definition of human through character developments and interactions. Particularly, she focuses on the characterization of the creature and his creator, pitting an ugly, malformed giant against an educated, dedicated scientist to establish a surprisingRead MoreAnalysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1372 Words   |  6 Pageshumanity. Although not in the technological age, the characters in Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, experience isolation due to bad choices or the opinions of society. Yet, the true evil in Frankenstein is not the characters, but isolation itself. When one is disengaged from family and society, egotism, violence, and revenge occur. Victor Frankenstein decides to abandon his family for six years in order to focus on his quest for glory. Frankenstein became focused on creating a scientific miracle that he isolatesRead MoreAnalysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1590 Words   |  7 PagesIn this sense, she was actually quite similar to Frankenstein’s monster from the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley. The monster is brought to life by Victor Frankenstein only to be abandoned moments after his creation. Desperate to find companionship and make sense of the world, the monster ventures off on his own, only to be shunned by society because of â€Å"hideous† appearance and â€Å"gigantic† stature (Shelley). Miserably alone in a cruel world, the monster extracts his revenge on his creator by killing

The Nature of Love - 2443 Words

â€Å"Harry couldn’t help it, he was in love†. What does such a statement imply about the nature of love? Write an essay which argues your particular view on the nature of love and the object of that love. Limit your answer to the notion of romantic love and use Robert Ehman as a starting point. Everybody seems to believe that love is a good thing. However, not all agree on what love is. Is love that warm fuzzy feeling a person has when they are with a familiar person? According to the Bible, love is caring in action. Love is not what we feel, but what we do; however the object of love is not defined. (Bible Gateway, 2012) In this discussion I will describe what the nature of love is based on the idea of love as a verb, as something one†¦show more content†¦If lust is confused as feelings of love in one individual this begins to draw upon the consequences where a lover may be hurt causing emotional pain. For this reason I agree with Ehman that love demands both individuals to experience the same levels of emotional connections to define ‘true love.’ Harry may drive way his lover through romantic acts of what he believes to show love (kissing etc) which may mean different things to his lover if she is not sharing the connection of true love with him. In relation to Ehman’s view of romantic love Hatfield and Rapson, (1987) also distinguished there are different types of love, known as romantic and affectionate love. Romantic love is passionate and involves strong feelings of longing, desire and excitement towards a special person. (Baumeister amp; Bushman, 2008) The emotional values of romantic love make people want to spend as much time together as possible. Romantic lovers tend to want to touch each other and engage in intimate activities such as sex to show how they do love. ‘Doing love’ from a passionate and romanticised angle could involve thoughts of not being able to control emotional feelings. For example always thinking about a lover is a common way of ‘doing love.’Show MoreRelatedLove : The Nature Of Love1912 Words   |  8 PagesThe Nature of Love in Till We Have Faces The concept of love is a varying, odd and often fleeting thing. It is one of the single things in this world that almost every person might have a different definition for. People have even created different languages in which to give and receive love so we might understand and better love one another, to which everyone s is different. Over time the definition of love has changed - yes it may always have stayed the same in the dictionary, but the perceptionRead MoreThe Nature of Love2430 Words   |  10 Pageswas in love†. What does such a statement imply about the nature of love? Write an essay which argues your particular view on the nature of love and the object of that love. Limit your answer to the notion of romantic love and use Robert Ehman as a starting point. Everybody seems to believe that love is a good thing. However, not all agree on what love is. Is love that warm fuzzy feeling a person has when they are with a familiar person? According to the Bible, love is caring in action. Love is notRead MoreThe True Nature Of Love1338 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Love? â€Å"Love, whether newly born or aroused from a deathlike slumber, must always create sunshine, filling the heart so full of radiance, that it overflows upon the outward world.† According to Hawthorne, the true nature of love should not flow from a place of contrived affection. Although Hawthorne’s notion of romantic love is rather idealistic, it starkly contrasts the way â€Å"love† functioned in Puritan society. Many young women at that time were quick to jump into marriages devoid ofRead MoreThe Subjective Nature Of Love999 Words   |  4 Pagessubjective, then anything that I believe is beautiful is indeed beautiful. This implies that there is no standard definition of the word â€Å"beauty.† Its definition is tied to my attitude. Using the subjective nature of love leads us to a judgment of taste, which has no logic. The subjective nature of love depends on one’s taste and feeling about beauty. For instance, our judgment about a rose flower or early morning sunshine could be different because of the subjective definition of beauty. It is also importantRead MoreThe Truth and Nature of Love in Shakespeare in Love1225 Words   |  5 Pages John Madden’s Shakespeare in Love is a ‘romantic comedy’ set in the class-dominated society of Elizabethan England. The two protagonists and â€Å"Star-crossed lovers† of the film come from completely different ends of the class spectrum. Will Shakespeare is a â€Å"lowly player† with writer’s block searching for his muse and wealthy Viola De Lesseps who dreams of â€Å"love as there has never been in a play† are fortune’s fools as the viewer must come to realise that love cannot conquer all. Madden conveysRead MoreThe Connection Between Nature And Love1066 Words   |  5 PagesxWorld renounced artist, Vincent Van Gough once said, â€Å"If you truly love nature, you will find beauty everywhere†. Often people associate nature with just being the outdoors, plants, and animals, but it also can be more than that, such as human nature. In other words, the art and desires of humans and what is considered â€Å"natural†. This connection of human nature is depicted through the desires and human love shown in the Egyptian love poems. Poems such as â€Å"Sister Without Peer†, â€Å"My Brother TormentsRead MoreThe Nature Of Love By Harry Harlow1619 Words   |  7 Pages Harry Harlow was labeled as a man with a desire for learning about what he presumed love to be and consequently, dedicated his later career to the subject. Life presented him with ups and downs yet, he pursued his research with a vigor. He developed notions about the concepts of affection in contrast to bodily needs and what could possibly derive from one not receiving love. This guided him to establish observational research methods to study his ideas via the use of infant primates which, yieldedRead MorePlatos Symposium : The Nature Of Love1592 Words   |  7 Pages Plato’s Symposium describes the nature of love to be the driving force towards immortality. Aristophanes perpetuates this idea through his allegorical d escription of human’s original nature, and the component of the driving force of love within that nature. The underlying goal of this force of love is immortality, though he does not directly articulate it in his speech. It is with the emergence of Socrates’ ideas that we are equipped with sufficient evidence reinforcing Aristophanes’ story to beRead MoreComparing The Theaetetus And The Nature Of Love1602 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many connections between the nature of knowledge in the Theaetetus and the nature of love in the Symposium. The concept of philosophy brings together the nature of knowledge and love. Notably, Diotima calls Love a lover of wisdom which in Greek means literally a philosopher (Benjamin Jowett, trans. Plato, Symposium and Phaedrus 27). Philia means, love and sophia means wisdom. The main topic of Plato’s Symposium is the question â€Å"what is love†. It is a record of six speeches by differentRead MoreThe Nature Of Love By Roger Hock1338 Words   |  6 PagesLove can be an amazing thing and it is often said that nothing compares to the bond between a mother and her child, yet before a study called â€Å"The nature of love† which is discussed in the book â€Å"Forty studies that changed psychology: Explorations into the history psychological research,† our society had a very different understand about what caused this bond (Hock, 2013). In the book the author Roger Hock explores many different influential studies but in the section called â€Å"Discovering Love,† he

Herpes Simplex Virus Free Essays

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection at the Molecular Level Research Paper Virology 24 November 2008 Abstract Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is widespread and causes significant disease in humans. The structure, epidemiology, pathogensis and immune response are examined in this review, as well as specific ways to reduce and eliminate pathology and related diseases. The virus naturally infects mucosal areas and begins the search for its target host cell. We will write a custom essay sample on Herpes Simplex Virus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Upon binding to the host cell membrane via teams of glycoproteins, the virion is then phagocytosed. Soon the nucleus is seized and all regular host cell mechanisms are shut off. Replication of HSV-1 is specific encoding immediate early, early and late genes. Once the virus replication process is complete the virus exits epithelial cells near the site of infection through a process known as cell lysis. Sensory neurons are the specific target of HSV-1, where it can then travel to the trigeminal ganglia (TG) stoma via neuronal microtubular networks. Both innate and adaptive immune systems respond to the infection with various antibodies, interleukins and interferons. Once the virion reaches the nervous system, the immune responses are unable to detect it although they try to contain it as best they can. HSV-1 enters a latent stage, usually via latent associated transcripts, not causing pathogenesis but unable to fight off by means of the host immune system. Following a stressful situation or similarly UV activation, HSV-1 travels back down nerve fibers to re-infect cells near the original site of infection. This process is known to continue throughout the lifespan of the infected individual, normally without fatalities. When the host immune response is unable to contain the virus in the TG, several associated diseases such as encephalitis and keratits result. Genes involved with virus replication and host genes, to eliminate the virus, have been maneuvered to cause reverse effects and are currently used as antivirals. Although no vaccine has been approved for use against HSV-1, various attempts have been made. This research paper defines the virus infection at a molecular level as well as demonstrates modifications of the virus genes to cause reverse effects and investigates just a few of the diseases connected with HSV-1. Introduction Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 are well known members of the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, which cause lifelong, latent infection in humans. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) typically remains the cause of cold sores, gingivostomatitis, and skin lesions in the orofacial area, as well as many rare but fatal conditions (1). Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is primarily associated with genital area infection. Worldwide, approximately one third of people display clinical manifestations of HSV-1 infection (2). HSV-1 is neurotropic, infecting multiple cell types but establishing latency in the trigeminal ganglia (TG). HSV-1 reactivates, in response to certain stimuli such as emotional or physical stress or UV light, and is transported along nerve fibers to mucosal or cutaneous regions (1). Infected cells show signs of the nucleus changing shape and nucleolus displacement with a formation of multinucleated giant cells. Cells degenerate, lyse and vesicles of fluid containing the virus locate between the epidermis and dermal layer of the skin forming a lesion (2). Although HSV-1 infects a large percentage of the population, few actually show symptoms of disease. HSV Structure and Genome HSV-1 is an enveloped double stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus consisting of four elements. First, an outer envelope with glycoprotein spikes on its surface. Second, a tegument layer including several viral proteins important during HSV-1 infection. Third, an iscosahedral capsid surrounding the last compartment, the electron opaque core containing the dsDNA genome wrapped as a spool. The envelope is made up of 13 different viral glycoproteins embedded in a lipid bilayer. The viral genome of 152 kb, encode the majority of the proteins of the mature virion. Covalently linked L (long) and S (short) components are broken down into unique long (Ul), flanked by ab and b’a’ repeated segments, and unique short (Us), flanked by ac and c’a’ repeated segments. Homologous recombination between terminal repeats results in four linear isomers at equimolar concentrations (see figure 1). All four isomers, including P (prototype), IL (inversion of the L component), IS (inversion of the S component) and ISL (inversion of both the S and the L component), encode 90 unique transcription genes essential for viral replication (3). HSV Replication Infection is first initialted by the attachment to the host cell glucosaminoglycans, usually heparin sulphate and chondroiton sulphate, with viral glycoprotein C (gC). This bond results in at least five glycoprtoeins, gB, gC, gD, gH and gL, binding to other cell surface receptors, such as Herpesvirus entry mediator or nectin 1? or ? (4). Fusion of the viral envelope follows, and the de-enveloped tegument capsid is transported to the nuclear pores via the microtubular network, where DNA is released into the nucleus. Nuclear pore complex accepts the viral DNA from the capsid, minimizing the diffusion of DNA to the cytoplasm, and the transfer is completed by nuclear pore proteins (5). The viral genome circularizes upon entering the nucleus, and transcription of the five immediate early genes (IE) is done by the host RNA polymerase II. Among the IE genes are ICP0, ICP4, ICP22, ICP27 and ICP47. Host transcription, RNA splicing and transport are inhibited during replication, known as host cell shut off. Early (E) viral genes encode enzymes in nucleotide metabolism and viral DNA replication and require the presence of IE genes. Viral E gene products, including viral DNA polymerase, single-stranded DNA-binding protein, origin binding protein and DNA helicase-primase, assemble on the parental viral DNA and start DNA synthesis in replication compartments. Three DNA replication origins bind by viral origin-binding protein, separate the DNA strands and initiate viral DNA synthesis. Expression of the late (L) genes begins and produces structural components of the virion. Capsid assembly occurs in the cytoplasm and the associated proteins are then transported to the nucleus. Progeny DNA concatamers are cleaved into monomers and are inserted into the capsid. Cleavage and packing of HSV-1 genome requires two cis-acting elements, pac1 and pac2. Next the nucleocapsid matures and egress by passing through the Golgi apparatus with the tegument layer and the virion envelope. (3) HSV Latency After infection of the mucosa or epithelial abrasion, HSV-1 enters sensory neurons near the site of infection and the tegument and nucleocapsid travel by retrograde axonal transport to cell neuronal soma releasing viral DNA and VP16, when the virus may enter lytic replication or the latent state. Lytic replication results in neuronal cell death as described above. (2,3) During latency the genome circularizes and enters a heavily chromatinated state where no infectious virus is produced and the majority of viral gene expression is silenced. Latency associated transcripts (LAT), mRNA genes, are the only transcripts found in latent neurons (6). Expression of LATs is not absolutely required for maintenance of latency. Reactivation triggers the virus to be transported in the opposite direction, antrograde, and re-infection occurs at the initial site of infection. HSV and the Immune System The immune response to HSV-1 includes both innate and adaptive immune responses. Innate immunity is the first line of defense including natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and various cytokines and complement proteins. Initial response involves secreted proteins, such as defensins and complement proteins. Complement proteins bind HSV antigens resulting in the cleavage of complement molecules. This, followed by the formation of the membrane attack complex, destroys the virus. HSV gC blocks the complement cascade, counteracting the effects of complement. The adaptive immune response is triggered with B cell memory enhanced in response to the virus. An antiviral state is induced by infected epithelial cells and resident interferon producing cells (IPCs), secreting interferon ? and ? , priming the surrounding cells for apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factors ? (TNF-? ) is also produced by IPCs and acts as an autocrine signal stimulating differentiation of ICPs to dendritic cells. They can travel to the lymph nodes to stimulate CD4+ T cells to produce IFN-? and interleukin 10 (IL-10). After infection and replication, HSV-1 destroys infected cells and travels to sensory neurons. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, NK and TCR+ T cells infiltrate the TG, control the infection and prevent the spread of the virus to rear by cells, including the brain. The adaptive immune response is driven by the innate immune response. Antigen presenting cells migrate from the site of infection to the regional lymph node to present CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B cells. Deficient complement cascades leads to less vigorous memory response to HSV-1. Antibodies against gD and the gH-gL complex are found to protect against HSV-1 and are observed as cross reactive to other strains of HSV. Macrophages engulf viral proteins and cell particles from lysed cells and also secrete cytokines favoring the T helper (Th) cell CD4+ response. CD8+ cytoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are produced and they react with epitopes displayed on infected cells, which are then targeted for apoptosis. See figure 2. The IE protein ICP 27 contains potent CTL epitopes. The efficacy of gB to induce a CTL response suggests gB is the immunodominant antigen of HSV-1. (2) Beneficial Modifications of Genes Associated with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 and Relative Associated Diseases Occasionally the immune system is unable to prevent HSV-1 from spreading to surrounding structures such as the eye. Ocular HSV-1 infection is termed herpetic keratitis, tissue destruction of the eye, and is currently treated with trifluridine or valacyclovir to inhibit HSV-1 DNA polymerase and terminate synthesis of the sugar backbone of viral DNA. The current antiviral compounds require phosphorylation by the infected cell, meaning the antiviral activity cannot take place until the infection has progressed to the point where specific viral thymidine kinase is synthesized. A new idea involves helicase-primase inhibitors acting to prevent the unwinding of the double-stranded DNA and the initiation of the new strand synthesis necessary for viral production. Kleymann et al. found a compound, BAY 57-1293, more potent and more effective than valacyclovir and unassociated with systemic toxicity to initiate the described mechanism. (7) A similar study explored the lesion associated with the tissue destruction of the cornea, specifically angiogenesis of stromal keratits (SK). The fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), a molecule known to stimulate cell growth to contribute to wound healing, was targeted to observe the antiviral activity via its effect on HSV-1 cell entry. FGF-2 inhibits HSV-1 from binding to heparin sulfate, thus hindering entrance into the host cell. Results of this study suggest severity and clinical SK could be significantly diminished by daily treatment of lesions with FGF-2 protein, due to accelerated epithelial wound healing. (8) Similarly, HSV-1 can surpass the immune response and travel to the brain. HSV-1 encephalitis is the most devastating consequence of HSV and the most ommon cause of fetal encephalitis. Early growth response 1 (Erg-1) is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in neural tissue, and is induced during stress. It regulates growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and development. Erg-1 is known to regulate several viral genes, including LATs, and is inducible by viral proteins. Erg-1 increases viral replication in infe cted cells and mortality in infected mice. Knockout of Erg-1 expression was shown to reduce the mortality by decreasing the viral loads to tissues in a study conducted by Shis-Heng Chen et al. 9) It has been demonstrated HSV-1 can induce increased activity of central norepinephrine or serotonin neurons, by activating the cell bodies located in the brain stem, following encephalitis. Increased brain stem activity of these neurotransmitters can impair glucocorticoids (GC) negative feedback receptors, activating cytokines IL-1 and TNF? , reducing the binding capacity of said GC receptors. Impaired control of the GC negative feedback regulation upon the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis has been suggested as an important aspect in major depression. (10) Thrombin is a result of the generation of sequential proteolytic enzymes activating circular precursor enzymes and cofactors for blood clotting. HSV-1, HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus have been shown to avoid cellular control of coagulation initiation through the constitutive expression of procoagulant phospholipids and tissue factor. This allows the unregulated generation of thrombin because tissue factor can bind ciruculating factor VIIa, forming a cofactor-enzyme complex directly on the virus. ‘Tenase’ activity has been credited to HSV-1 encoded gC, which accelerates the FVIIa-dependent activation of FX. FXa associates with its cofactor V to convert prothrombin to thrombin. Assembly of FX and FV leading to thrombin generation has been demonstrated on the virus surface. Herpes virus genomic material has been associated with atherosclerosis plaque, thrombosis and atherosclerosis due to the unregulated production of thrombin. (11) It is well known NK cells aid in the fight against HSV-1 infection. Severe herpetic infections have been seen in NK -deficient patients, as well as early infiltrations of herpetic lesions by NK cells. This due to damage of HLA class 1 expression by HSV-1 and the lysis of HSV-1 infected targets by NK cells. E. Estefania et al. presented a study suggesting clinical symptoms of HSV-1 infection being more likely to happen among humans expressing the NK cell receptors KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2. The genes encoding the receptors appear to increase the risk of recurrent infection, where the lack of the receptors is shown to protect from the disease. (1) Conclusion HSV-1 can cause severe recurrent disease in humans and establish lifelong infection in their hosts. Several antiviral approaches have been considered to counteract the effects of HSV-1 throughout the body yet no vaccine, to cure the infection from its host, has been accepted. Acyclovir, and its ester derivative valacyclovir, as well as penciclovir and its prodrug famciclovir, are the latest approved antiviral medications to battle HSV-1 infection. Several other strategies are currently under investigation such as potential therapeutic vaccines, cidofovir, and aqueous extracts in Africa. Past attempts of vaccines have utilized viral vectors, DNA vaccination, recombinant bacteria, cytokines to manipulate the immune response, novel adjuvants, innovative delivery systems and different routes of inoculation. Most of which have been successful in lab mice but none have been approved for human use. Therapeutic vaccines target symptomatic individuals, using DNA vaccines encoding various cytokines used to intentionally bias the immune system toward Th1 or Th2 responses. Different boosts with different cytokine adjuvants may be used to induce proper immune response. (2) Extracts from the eastern cape of Africa, Aloe ferox and Withania somnifera, confirmed morphological changes indicative of cytopathic effects that retard the replication and spread of HSV-1. (12) Furthermore, a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient developed mucosal HSV-1 infection, and while under acyclovir treatment, later showed resistance to the antiviral. After developing hemorrhagic cystitis due to polyomavirus BK, cidofovir was prescribed and the patient profited from the broad spectrum anti-DNA virus activity with the disappearance of HSV-1 lesions. (13) In conclusion, as described above the mechanisms by which HSV-1 hijacks and hides out in its host, have been studied to great detail and are routinely manipulated. The particularly complex structure, as well as detailed means by which each gene in the large genome is activated and carries out its genes products, intrigue many scientists which continue to investigate and attempt a formidable vaccine against the virus. Studies among mice have proven effective, although HSV-1 is a very host specific infection, thus making trials of acceptable anitvirals and vaccines extremely difficult. The only slightly acceptable element of HSV-1 infection is, in rare cases where no reoccurrences is shown, and moreover there are many instances of asymptomatic carriers. Devastating incidence such as transferring HSV-1 to a neonate during delivery and schizophrenics showing decreased prefrontal grey matter due to HSV-1, are just a pinch of the terrifying effects of this virus, remaining in host TG until a stressful situation comes along. 14,15) Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 Genome (Figure 1) 00 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection (Figure 2) Works Cited 1. )Estefania, E, et al. â€Å"Influence of KIR gene diversity on the course of HSV-1 infection: resistance to the disease is associated with the absence of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2. † Tissue Antigens 70. 1 (July 2007): 34-41. MEDLINE. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 19 Nov. 2008 . 2. )Ferenczy, Michael W. â€Å"Prophylactic Vaccine Strategies and the Potential of Therapeutic Vaccines Against Herpes Simplex Virus. † Current Pharmaceutical Design 13. 9 July 2007): 1975-1988. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 19 Nov. 2008 . 3. )Shen, Y, and J Nemunaitis.. â€Å"Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) for cancer treatment. † Cancer Gene Therapy 13. 11 (07 Nov. 2006): 975-992. MEDLINE. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 19 Nov. 2008 . 4. )Clement, Christian, et al. â€Å"A novel role for phagocytosis-like uptake in herpes simplex virus entry. † Journal of Cell Biology 174. 7 (25 Sep. 2006): 1009-1021. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 4 Sep. 2008 . 5. )Newcomb, William W, Frank P Booy, and Jay C Brown. â€Å"Uncoating the herpes simplex virus genome. † Journal Of Molecular Biology 370. 4 (20 July 2007): 633-642. MEDLINE. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 3 Sep. 2008 . 6. )Ramachandran, Srividya, and Paul R Kinchington.. â€Å"Potential prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines for HSV infections. † Current Pharmaceutical Design 13. 19 (2007): 1965-1973. MEDLINE. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 22 Nov. 2008 . 7. )Kaufman, Herbert E, et al. Efficacy of a helicase-primase inhibitor in animal models of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. † Journal Of Ocular Pharmacology And Therapeutics: The Official Journal Of The Association For Ocular Pharmacology And Therapeutics 24. 1 (Feb. 2008): 34-42. MEDLINE. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 19 Nov. 2008 . 8. )Kim, Bumseok, et al. â€Å"Application of FGF-2 to Modulate Herpetic Stromal Keratitis. † Current Eye Research 31. 12 (Dec. 2006): 1021-1028. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 19 Nov. 2008 . 9. )Chen S, Yao H, Chen I, Shieh B, Li C, Chen S. Suppression of transcription factor early growth response 1 reduces herpes simplex virus lethality in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation [serial online]. October 2008;118(10):3470-3477. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 22, 2008. 10. )Bener, Dafna, et al. â€Å"Glucocorticoid Resistance following Herpes Simplex-1 Infection: Role of Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptors. † Neuroendocrinology 85. 4 (Apr. 2007): 207-215. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 19 Nov. 2008 . 11. )Thrombin paper 12. )Kambizi, L. , et al. Anti-viral effects of aqueous extracts of Aloe Xerox and Withania somnifera on herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture. † South African Journal of Science 103. 9/10 (Sep. 2007): 359-360. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 10 Sep. 2008 . 13. )Andrei, G, et al. â€Å"Dual infection with polyomavirus BK and acyclovir-resistant herpes s implex virus successfully treated with cidofovir in a bone marrow transplant recipient. † Transplant Infectious Disease: An Official Journal Of The Transplantation Society 9. 2 (June 2007): 126-131. MEDLINE. EBSCO. Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 19 Nov. 2008 . 14. )Brown, Elizabeth L. , et al. â€Å"Effect of maternal herpes simplex virus (HSV) serostatus and HSV type on risk of neonatal herpes. † Acta Obstetricia Gynecologica Scandinavica 86. 5 (May 2007): 523-529. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. [Library name], [City], [State abbreviation]. 17 Sep. 2008 . 15. )Prasad, K. M. R. , et al. â€Å"Brain morphological changes associated with exposure to HSV1 in first-episode schizophrenia. † Molecular Psychiatry 12. 1 (Jan. 2007): 105-113. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. 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LIFE IS A DREAM Essay Thesis Example For Students

LIFE IS A DREAM Essay Thesis A monologue from the play by Pedro Calderon de la Barca NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Eight Dramas of Calderon. Trans. Edward Fitzgerald. London: Macmillan Co., 1906. SEGISMUND: Princes and warriors of PolandyouThat stare on this unnatural sight aghast,Listen to one who, Heaven-inspired to doWhat in its secret wisdom Heaven forecast,By that same Heaven instructed prophet-wiseTo justify the present in the past.What in the sapphire volume of the skiesIs writ by Gods own finger misleads none,But him whose vain and misconstructed eyes,They mock with misinterpretation,Or who, mistaking what he rightly read,Ill commentary makes, or misappliesThinking tno shirk or thwart it. Which has doneThe wisdom of this venerable head;Who, well provided with the secret keyTo that gold alphabet, himself made me,Himself, I say, the savage he fore-readFate somehow should be charged with; nippd the growthOf better nature in constraint and sloth,That only bring to bear the seed of wrongAnd turnd the stream to fury whose out-burstHad kept his lawful channel uncoerced,And fertilized the land he flowd along.Then like to some unskilful duellist,Who having over-reached himself pushing too hardHis foe, or but a moment off his guardWhat odds, when Fate is ones antagonist!Nay, more, this royal father, self-dismaydAt having Fate against himself arrayd,Upon himself the very sword he knewShould wound him, down upon his bosom drew,That might well handled, well have wrought; or, keptUndrawn, have harmless in the scabbard slept.But Fate shall not by human force be broke,Nor foild by human feint; the Secret learndAgainst the scholar by that master turndWho to himself reserves the master-stroke.Witness whereof this venerable Age,Thrice crownd as Sire, and Sovereign, and Sage,Down to the very dust dishonourd byThe very means he tempted to defyThe irresistible. And shall not I,Till now the mere dumb instrument that wroughtThe battle Fate has with my father fought,Now the mere mouth-piece of its victoryOh, shall not I, the champions sword laid down,Be yet more shamed to wear the teachers gown,And, blushing at the part I had to play,Down where the honourd head I was to layBy this more just submission of my own,The treason Fate has forced on me atone?You stare upon me all, amazed to hearThe word of civil justice from such lipsAs never yet seemd tuned to such discourse.But listenIn that same enchanted tower,Not long ago I learnd it from a dreamExpounded by this ancient prophet here;And which he told me, should it come again,How I should bear myself beneath it; notAs then with angry passion all on fire,Arguing and making a distemperd soul;But evn with justice, mercy, self-control,As if the dream I walkd in were no dream,And conscience one day to account for it.A dream it was in which I thought myself,And you that haild me now then haild me King,In a brave palace that was all my own,Within, and all without it, mine; until,Drunk with excess of majesty and pride,Methought I towerd so high and swelld so wide,That of myself I burst the glittering bubble,That my ambition had about me blown,And all again was darkness. Such a dreamAs this in which I may be walking now;Dispensing solemn justice to you shadows,Who make believe to listen; but anon,With all your glittering arms and equipage,King, princes, captains, warriors, plume and steel,Ay, evn with all your airy theatre,May flit into the air you seem to rendWith acclamation, leaving me to wakeIn the dark tower; or dreaming that I wakeFrom this that waking is; or this and thatBoth waking or both dreaming; such a doubtConfounds and clouds our mortal life about.And, whether wake or dreaming, this I know,How dream-wise human glories come and go;Whose momentary tenure not to break,Walking as one who knows he soon may wakeSo fairly carry the full cup, so wellDisorderd insolence and passion quell,That there be nothing after to upbraidDreamer or doer in the part he playd,Whether To-morrows dawn shall break the spell,Or the Last Trumpet of the eternal Day,When Dreaming with the Night shall pass away. .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 , .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .postImageUrl , .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 , .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1:hover , .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1:visited , .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1:active { border:0!important; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1:active , .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1 .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0e49ad265c6bb46d6d32df5236e2bea1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr. Dream Speach Essay