Essay about Mannerism in Florence and Rome - 2819 Words

Mannerism in Florence and Rome - considered to be more self- consciously artificial - derived from aspects of Raphael and Michelangelo - cold formalism was considered to be inner vision Rosso - (1494-1540), Italian painter, whose early works helped define Italian mannerism - later was a founder of French mannerism - was born Giovanni Battista di Jacopo di Guasparre in Florence - early work had odd perspectives, violent colors, and harsh lighting - 1523 Rosso moved to Rome, where he was influenced by Italian artist Michelangelo and Italian mannerist painter Parmigianino - work then acquired new beauty and expressed more tempered emotions Pontormo - (1494-1557), Italian painter, whose style is marked by elongated†¦show more content†¦- not as much as unique personality or individualistic - lavishly ornate costume Anguissola - (1527-1625), Italian painter, who specialized in portraits and was an important role model for other female Italian artists - Born in Cremona, Anguissola was the eldest and best known of six sisters, all of whom were artists - early works were mostly self-portraits and portraits of her family Portrait of the Artists Sister Minerva - said that her best work was of relatives - intimate, charming portraits Mannerism in Venice Tintoretto - (1518-1594), Venetian painter, one of the foremost artists of the late 16th century - studied briefly with Venetian master Titian and also studied the works of Florentine mannerist painters Michelangelo and Jacopo Sansovino - incorporated these artists different techniques, with striking results, in his paintings of the 1540s - spatial illusions, and intense colors to create an impression of action - later intensified his style, with techniques such as contrasts of brilliant light and cavernous dark that made color relatively insignificant, eccentric viewpoints, and extreme foreshortening to heighten the drama of the events portrayed -smoke from oil lamp turns into clouds of angels -Christ offers bread and wine as body and blood, to the apostles -Judas is seen on the far side, can be confused with an attendant El Greco -greatest mannerist painter, named Domenikos Theotocopoulos, El Greco -came to Venice to learn fromShow MoreRelatedEssay about Architectural Forms in the Mannerist Period924 Words   |  4 Pagestop of a faà §ade. 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Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë Analysis Free Essays

WHY DID I CHOOSE THIS BOOK? Since I started to be interested in English literature, I had always heard about Wuthering Heights and Emily Brontà «. Everybody I met used to say that even thought it is a really complex novel, it is a must. Likewise, I met many teachers whose devotion to this book was formidable; in terms of translation, literary criticism or just for the pleasure of reading, all of them coincided that it is a masterpiece. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to all these facts, I looked for some information about it although it was useless, I could not understand the complicated plot just by means of an online summary, it was impossible. That is why I decided to buy this novel last summer. Even though I did not read it that summer, it was there, in my shelf, tantalizing me. Finally, I forgot it. In the early days of this semester, I discovered that for the new literature subject, we will have to choose a book and there it was, Wuthering Heights’ opportunity. Without any doubt, from the first moment, I knew that it would be my choice. Now, after reading and analyzing this classic, I can truly say that all its renown is worthy. So that, I do not regret about having chose this masterpiece. Moreover, if I have to write another essay, I will do it on Wuthering Heights again. BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR Literature was in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s blood. Emily was born in Yorkshire on July, 1818. She was the fifth child of Patrick Brontà «, an Irish priest, and Maria Branwell, poet and painter. Since Emily was a child, she used to enjoy reading and creating stories with her sisters. After many travels trough Europe, she discovered her own poetic talent. Joint with her sisters, Anne and Charlotte, they decided to publish a collection of their poetry in 1846. In order to evade all the problems that publishing a book being a woman provoked, they adopted pseudonyms but retaining the first letter of their fist names: Emily as Ellis Bell, Anne as Acton Bell and Charlotte as Currer Bell. Analyzing the style of our author, it is undeniable the influence of Wordsworth, Walter Scott and Byron on Emily’s poems. Of course, the fact that the three sisters were writers affected also her style. As a final point to Emily’s biography, I would like to make a connection with the next section, her novel. Wuthering Heights was published almost a year before her death from tuberculosis at the age of thirty. WUTHERING HEIGHTS: THE BOOK The context of this masterpiece takes us to the Victorian Age, and for a better understanding it should be convenient to understand the 19th-century fiction novels and the Victorian culture in which the novel was written and published. Novel became the most popular style in literature during the 19th-century in England. Most of the novels of the age were determined by the Gothic tradition, which marked these novels with the typical elements of the period such as a gloomy and ruined atmosphere or the supernatural. In the list of influenced novels, it is a must to mention, of course, Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «. Another issue to be taken into account is the Victorian’s archetypes. In culture, the Victorians were defined by their focussing in appearance and by leaving behind disagreeables topics. Social decorum had to be kept all the time. Published in 1847, Wuthering Heights was not a really welcome novel. Not too many readers gave an opportunity to the book. It was considered against the Victorian guidelines due to to its inappropriate plot. Even though the book’s narrative did not depicted any sexual nor blooded scenes, it was the topics of uncontrolled love and cruelty the ones which made the novel to be considered as disproportionated and improper for the age. However, after Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s death, the novel was reread and analyzed again by different generations of readers and that is when it started to be classified as a classic of the 19th century English literature. The storyline relates the life of Heathcliff, a mysterious character, from his childhood until his death. It is described his intense love with Catherine Earnshaw, her betrayal of him and how his revenge perdures until the day of the narration. CHARACTERS’ ANALYSIS In this section, the characters of the novel will be classified into different categories and analyzed. As a final part of the description, a brief interpretation of them will be added. The narrators As it is already known, Wuthering Heights is told by the use of multiple narrators. Although it is supposed to be the entire diary of Mr. Lockwood, it is interrupted by the use of reported speech by some characters, also the addition of written documents, such as Isabella’s letter or Catherine’s comments on her books. The embedded literature gives the reader a wide variety of opinions and points of view, although not all of them are believable. In this novel, we find two main narrators: Nelly Dean and Mr. Lockwood. Nelly Dean: As she grew up with Catherine Earnshaw and her brother, she is immersed in the story that she relates. In the time of the narration she is working as the housekeeper. As far a she is a passionate woman, her speech is infested of feelings. These feelings complicate her narration and sometimes they can alter it, that is the main reason why she is considered as an unreliable narrator in this novel. Mr. Lockwood: He started the story as a narrator, writing on his diary the moment when he arrived to Wuthering Heights. His narration conforms a complement to Nelly’s and both of them tell the plot of the book. Lockwood’s words are also considered as unreliable. The fact that he did not live the story from the beginning and his inexperience in love matters ensure that he is an untrustworthy narrator. All these facts are corroborated by Melissa Fegan, as she explains: The reader must wonder why Bronte deliberately constructed the narrative in such a way that the story is filtered through the two characters who seem least able to understand or empathize with it – two ‘unreliable’ narrators. An analysis of the characters of Nelly and Lockwood suggests we must look carefully at all the evidence they provide about other characters – and themselves -and fill in the gaps where their comprehension is at fault. The burden of interpretation lies firmly with the reader. (2008: 30). The first generation Notwithstanding the importance of the first generation, during the novel they do not play a crucial role, except from Joseph. So that, this section will be very concrete and straightforward. Mr and Mrs Earnshaw: They are the parents of Catherine and Hindley, the four of them live in Wuthering Heights. One day, Mr Earnshaw brought an orphan to love with them, Heathcliff. During the narration, it is undeniable Mr Earnshaw’ s preference for Heathcliff and the annoyance of Mrs Earnshaw. Mr and Mrs Linton: Thrushcross Grange’s owners and parents of Edgar and Isabella Linton. In the novel, they are depicted as well-mannered and wealthy people. They both raise up their children in good manners and as sophisticated people. After taking Catherine to their house, Mrs Linton tried to teach her as a refined young girl. Joseph: A servant at Wuthering Heights during the whole novel. Stevie Davies stated: He is a gnarled root of the novel’s authenticity. [†¦] He has always been there and he always will be, old as the hills, son of the Ancient of Days, with a mythic and timeless quality that does not conflict with his authenticity as a representative of the working class with its pride in hard graft and contempt for the affectations of gentility. (1994: 149). The importance of this character should not be underestimated. He has a strange power over the masters of Wuthering Heights. The second generation In this section, the two principal characters will be presented: Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff. Even though Catherine and Heathcliff are the very principal, there are some others that also must be depicted for a better and correct understanding of the plot. Edgar Linton: He was Catherine’s husband. In the novel he is described as handsome, and young, and cheerful (Brontà «, 2012, p.84). These are the qualities why Catherine married him. Since he is a child, we can perceive his hate towards Heathcliff, as a response of the way he had been educated. In his personality we can feel a tendency to be cold and a strong feeling of unforgiving when his dignity is hurt. Isabella Linton: Edgar’s sister. She marries Heathcliff, but she didn’t evaluate it before. This act and some others show us the spirit of Isabella. She is a shallow minded and a bit foolish. I could say that she ruined her life by falling in love with Heathcliff. Finally, the horror of her relationship makes her to move out from Wuthering Heights. Hindley Earnshaw: He is Catherine’s brother. Since Heathcliff is brought to Wuthering Heights, Hindley tortures him due to the favoritism given by Mr Earnshaw towards Heathcliff. He abuses Heathcliff during the whole novel. He got married with Frances and had a son. The dead of this last one drives him into alcoholism and hopelessness. He is one of the personification of revenge and insanity in the novel. Heathcliff: An enigmatic and mysterious character since the beginning of the narration. An orphan child who is brought to Wuthering Heights by Mr Earnshaw. He fell in a profound love with Catherine, his â€Å"sister†, but she declined and married with Edgar. During the novel he is humiliated by almost everybody. Many critics coincide that: [Heathcliff]exemplifies the effects which a life of continued injustice and hard usage may produce on a naturally perverse, vindictive, and inexorable disposition. Carefully trained and kindly treated, the black gipsy-cub might possibly have been reared into a human being, but tyranny and ignorance made of him a mere demon. (Barker 1997, p. 203). As Baker states before and I completely agree, the behavior of Heathcliff was built up by all the characters who were evil with him. The truth is that it must be so difficult to be a kind person if everybody is hurting you. All this anger discharges in a final character, who is driven by rancor and during his adulthood looks for revenge. Catherine Earnshaw: The daughter of Mr and Mrs Earnshaw. She falls in a passionate love with Heathcliff, this love will determine all her life. She found herself reflected into Heathcliff, the fact that they grew up being together and together makes her think her that they belongs to each other, as it is in written in the book, [†¦]he’s more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same (p.87). Despite the fact that she loves him, her desire for social improvement and ambition made her to marry with Edgar Linton. Finally, this dispute between her wild love and her ambition brought misery to both of the men who loved her. How to cite Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « Analysis, Papers

Assessment Activity Template free essay sample

Be able to explain the link between organisational success, performance management and motivation. 2. Be able to explain the relationship between performance management and reward. 3. Be able to contribute to effective performance and reward management in the workplace. 4. Be able to conduct and reflect upon a performance review. All activities should be completed Activity 1 In pairs or small groups, research and discuss answers to the following. Then provide written individual responses, in your own words, to each question. Explain at least 2 purposes of performance management and its relationship to business objectives. 2. Identify 3 components of performance management systems. 3. Explain the relationship between motivation and performance management, referring to at least 2 motivational theories. 4. Identify 2 purposes of reward within a performance management system. 5. Describe at least 3 components of a total reward system, 1 of which should be non financial. 6. Explain the factors that should be considered when managing good and poor performance. 7. Describe at least 2 items of data, including 1 external to the organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment Activity Template or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Explain the frequency, purpose and process of performance review. Activity 2 You are required to prepare and conduct a performance review meeting based on the scenario below: ‘You are a call centre manager with Botox UK who have an established six monthly performance management/review system which aligns to a bonus system. You are due to conduct a review meeting using that scheme with one of your staff who, after a five year period of hitting all sales targets, has only managed to achieve 50% of her target during the last six month period. You are required to: Prepare for this meeting using the review form provided Conduct the meeting (15 minutes) Complete the review form Reflect on the outcomes of the review, producing a short statement (approximately 200 words) explaining your effectiveness in achieving this outcome, and how this could be improved on a future occasion. Your review meeting will be observed by your tutor and recorded using the attached observation record.

Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess Essay Example

Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess Paper In both Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess Browning criticises the position of women in Victorian society by showing the relationship between men and women through two dramatic monologues. In both of the poems the men appear to be the villains, in Porphyrias Lover Porphyria is killed by the man who she has run through the rain to seen. In My Last Duchess although it is unclear if the Duke had the Duchess killed or just sent to a convent, there is quite clearly something going on with the Duke saying I gave commands/Then all smiles stopped together. The Duke and Porphyrias certainly do not appear to be anything but villains but perhaps there is a little more to both characters. Although the characters may not be as simple as being just villains, it is very hard to feel much sympathy for them. They are both jealous and controlling, especially the Duke who even has to have control of the picture of the Duchess None puts by/ the curtain I have drawn for, but I. Porphyrias Lover is even more jealous and kills Porphyria so that she could belong only to him That moment she was mine, mine, with the repetition of mine emphasising the jealousy and selfishness of the character. We will write a custom essay sample on Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Duke and Porphyrias lover reduce women to objects with the Duke treating the Duchess very much as one of his expensive treasures and with Porphyrias love saying how Porphyria felt after he had murdered her The smiling rosy little head/so glad it has its utmost will. Neither has any understanding of the women in the poems, the Dukes selfishness is especially obvious in his comment But who passed without the same smile which shows how jealous he was when his Duchess even dared to smile at someone else. They both are very much in control over the women in the poems, with even god like associations; the Duke has a statue of Neptune Taming a sea horse which shows how the Duke feels natural things should be tamed, perhaps how he felt about his wife who appears to be very natural with imagery such as bough of cherries orchard and white mule associated with her. Porphyrias lover convinces himself that his murder of Porphyria was fine since God has not said a word which seems a frighteningly light hearted take on the murder of the women who mattered so much to him. Porphyrias love is certainly the more frightening of the characters, this is partly because of the metre used, iambic tetrameter, which gives the monologue an almost sing-song effect, and seems strangely calm considering it, tells the story of a murder. Porphyrias lover is more passive and wretched than the Duke adding to the sinister effect of the poem, this is shown in she put my arm about her waist and the pathetic fallacy at the beginning of the poem, for example the sullen wind and this wretched, depressed nature makes Porphyrias lover seem more selfish and villainous. The Duke is not as obviously villainous as Porphyrias lover, he appears to be more subtle, or least tries to be more subtle about the disposal of his wife, this is shown is his evasiveness which is made clear in his convoluted syntax, for example I said Fra Pandolf by design, for never read Strangers like you that pictured countenance. Although the Duke seems less frightening than Porphyrias lover he still comes across as controlling, possessive (My last Duchess) and selfish, and almost impossible to feel sympathy for. The same is true of Porphyrias Lover, he is a character who is it virtually impossible to feel sorry for. Perhaps this is because both of these poems are a criticism of womens position in Victorian society, women could not vote or hold political office and although attitudes were slowly beginning to change, women were still very much seen as objects, much like the Duke sees the Duchess as an object to be admired like his many paintings, and seen by many as being incapable of serious thought about anything. Robert Browning was married to successful woman poet Emily Elizabeth Barret Browning, who was more successful than Robert Browning during their lifetimes, indicating that Browning clearly thought women to be capable of more than just housework, unlike many other Victorian poets, most notably Coventry Patmore, who wrote The Angel in the House which described the perfect Victorian wife whose job it was to please her husband but him to please/Is womans pleasure. Both of the men in the poems might be so villainous you are not supposed to feel sorry for them, because they represent a larger problem in society rather than just individual stories. Although the Duke and Porphyrias lover are both clearly villainous characters perhaps it is impossible to feel no sympathy at all towards them. Both characters ultimately defeat their own desires; Porphyria belongs to Porphyrias lover for the short amount of time before her death is found out, and the Duke wanted the Duchess attentions to be focused only on him and his Nine hundred years old name, but how can this be achieved with the Duchess dead or locked away in a convent? It is only a small amount of pity felt towards them for this, but they both are very self deceived and unable to see the reality of their actions and the world around them for example Porphyria travels through the rain to see her lover in his cottage and he thinks that she is too weak to set herself free From pride, and vain tides dissever/ and give herself to me forever, however this might be feeling sympathy towards the situation overall not the men, because if they had understood what was really going on there would be no need for the women to have been killed. Perhaps, also, before this episode their relationship was more normal, would Porphyria journey through harsh weather to visit someone she thought would not show kindness to her however we cannot tell if she would as the story is told from Porphyrias lovers point of view. However violent and sinister the character of Porphyrias lover is there is still a bit of sympathy felt towards him, he is consumed by jealous and wants Porphyria to be his alone, but because she has a higher social status than him this is not at all possible. With the Duke the image of him running after the envoy Nay, well go/together down sir for me sums up just how pathetic the Dukes life is, he feels his world with pictures by famous artists Claus of Innsbruck and Fra Pandolf but yet he is unable to get what he wants, for his money and nine hundred years old name could not give him the Duchess undivided attention that he so craved. His convoluted syntax, which is empathised by the frequent use of enjambment, and attempts to be subtle show very effectively how hollow his life is, which is most clearly shown when he is addressing the envoy about a possible marriage between himself and the daughter of another noble towards the end of the poem The Count your masters know munificence Is ample warrant that no just pretence Of mine for dowry will be disallowed; Though his fair daughters self, as I avowed At starting, is my object and perhaps this is the main reason that some sympathy is felt towards him. Overall, although both characters commit terrible deeds however some sympathy remains towards them, although this might be partly because the stories are told from the mens point of view and we have to guess at the true events of each of the stories. Overall I feel that although both men are quite clearly villains, with Porphyrias love strangling Porphyria and appearing to feel no remorse at all, and the Duke sinisterly hinting at his was able to get rid of his last wife, it is impossible to feel no sympathy at all for them because they both have such hollow lives, in the case of the Duke, and would never have been able to achieve what they actually wanted especially Porphyrias lover who, because of his lower social status would never be able to marry Porphyria perhaps leading to his all consuming jealousy that led him to commit the murder.